TCP/IP Speed Limit

10 PM February 3, 2004

The maximum speed that I could possibly download data from the USA via FTP or HTTP is a little over 200kbytes/second.

Both HTTP and FTP are based on the TCP/IP protocol, which provides a reliable stream of data between two points. One of the reliablity mechanisms built into TCP is that a receiver will tell the sender when it has received a chunk of data. If the sender doesn’t get this acknowledgement, it resends the data.

Because of the way that TCP packets are structured, one computer can send up to 64k bytes of data to another without acknowledgement. When the sender has received an acknowledgement for some or all of that 64k, it can send some more data, but not before.

From here in Sydney, the round-trip time to servers in the USA, as reported by ping, is 300 milliseconds, give or take. Some of this – 60 or 70 milliseconds – is due to the speed of light. The rest of it is due to the the routers and switches between here and there.

Therefore, a TCP connection between my server and one of those in the USA can transmit at most 64kbytes per 300 milliseconds, or 213 kbytes per second. If I wanted to receive data any faster than this I would need to look at multiple TCP connections, or a different protocol altogether.

In reality, the fastest connection I have ever had to the USA was about 150kbytes/second. In contrast, I’ve been able to download at 500 kbytes/second from local servers.

By alang | # | Comments (2)
(Posted to Software Development and javablogs)

Laptop Ordered

2 PM February 3, 2004

After months of choosing, I finally settled on the HP nx7010. Ordered it today with a 1.6GHz Centrino, 512Mb, 60Gb and a WSXGA(1680×1050) screen. Hope to pick it up tomorrow or Thursday.

Other notebooks I considered:

  • Dell 8600 – bigger and not that much cheaper than the HP.
  • Sony Z1 – almost bought one when it looked like the HP would be too much hassle. Nice machine, but smaller screen (1400×1050) and a tad more expensive than the HP.
  • 12inch Apple Powerbook – very nice machine, and on special lately, but I couldn’t do all that much ‘real’ work with it. Also, would have had to join the Church of Macintosh.
  • Acer TCi371 (pdf) – small, light machine, lots of good reviews and cheap too, but only has a 12inch XGA screen.
By alang | # | Comments (2)
(Posted to Stuff)
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